August 27, 2002
Sources of Innovation

Steven den Beste, redoubtable skipper of the USS Clueless, holds forth at length on the subject of military innovation in the US and UK armed forces, and the role that the cultural values of those two countries affect their performance.

Now, I realize that by disagreeing with Steven, I'm taking my life in my hands here, or at least my reputation; but given that I don't have a reputation, here goes.

The Brits have a point; it makes sense to institutionalize the means by which military research and development is done.

Good old Yankee ingenuity has certainly produced visible, and justifyably famous, success stories. But those major successes have all been with front-line weaponry, which is actually a fairly small part of the technology brought to bear in a war, and may not be the decisive part. As Steven has pointed out elsewhere, victory may hinge on some decidedly unglamorous technology. Will such drudgework engineering as transportation and communication -- where the connection to the success of the war effort, while manifest, is less obvious -- attract the same attention as does actual weaponry?

An institutionalized research organization can allocate resources to development projects that matter the most to the war effort, and can direct the attention of engineers and innovators to where their ingenuity will do the most good. Larger projects can be contemplated, with a level of planning and management that is flatly impossible when dealing with individual tinkerers.

Such tinkerers, drawn from the general population of soldiers and sailors in a self-selecting fashion, may devote themselves to some project, or not, pretty much on their own volition; will they be there when cruch time comes? Can such a process be relied upon when time is short and lives are at stake?

In civilian economy and society, entrepreneurship is a clear win. But military operations are fundamentally different; logistics -- which is to say, planning, at both the tactical and strategic scale -- is everything. It is essential that military leadership be able to plan as far in advance as possible, and allocate resources accordingly. Institutionalized research and development lends itself to this need; it allows for the possibility that new technology can be managed and tracked as it is developed, even on a very tight timetable.

And the importance of the quality of personnel at work on those innovations is not to be brushed off. Weapon systems are complex, and involve design tradeoffs that are not obvious without intensive study; and certain fields of study are put to use in defense that are used nowhere else in the economy. An institutional development organization can find and attract the most qualified people, focus their efforts, and if necessary, spend the time and resources needed to train them in the deep knowledge required for this work.

The alternative, a chaotic and unreliable system of innovation that is Open to any Source of ideas available, cannot possibly produce a superior alternative, can it?

(Heh. Just kidding. Obviously, it can. Freedom and innovation go hand in hand, whether in warfare or software.)

Posted by Kevin Shaum at August 27, 2002 12:35 PM
Comments

I happened across the comments made about specialised vehicles in World War II and how, unlike the progressive and democratic forces of the US, which recognised and adopted an excellent idea from a Sergeant Joe Culin, the British would never have taken any notice of General Percy Hobart if he had not been a General.

I quote the following extract from a British Army sapper website concerning the "Crab" mine sweeping tank, one of the better known examples of "Hobart's menagerie" (the term used by US General Omar Bradley and his staff):

"The mine flail tank idea began in 1941, with Abraham S. J. du Toit, a motor engineer in civilian life and a sergeant in the South African artillery, who developed a novel device that detonated mines by beating the ground with heavy chains or wire ropes driven by a rotating drum. A test rig was built on a truck and demonstrated in Pretoria, South Africa, where a short film was produced. After General Auchinleck saw the film, he thought it was a brilliant idea and sent Sergeant du Toit to England to pursue his invention in secrecy."

Did you notice Abraham du Toit's army rank?

Would it be valid to assert that the US army would have taken no notice of Joe Culin if he were a Sergeant in the South African army? Of course not. People who make such claims intend them to be gratuitous insults. No more, no less.

To provide some background for the historically challenged, General Auchinleck was a British General in the Middle East where British Commonwealth and Axis forces planted many millions of mines, causing each other, and passing camels, no end of misery.

Posted by: Alan Langley on March 14, 2003 08:51 PM
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